Many people often get confused when they come across the terms baking soda and bicarbonate of soda. Are they the same thing, or do they serve different purposes in cooking and cleaning? The question “is baking soda the same as bicarbonate of soda” is very common among home bakers and cooks. The short answer is yes—they are essentially the same substance but are called by different names in different parts of the world. However, how they are used, where they are labeled differently, and how they react in recipes are details worth understanding.

In this blog, we will explain everything you need to know about baking soda and bicarbonate of soda, their chemistry, uses, and differences in name and purpose.

Understanding What Baking Soda (or Bicarbonate of Soda) Really Is

Before clearing the confusion, let us understand what baking soda actually is. Chemically, baking soda is known as sodium bicarbonate. Its chemical formula is NaHCO₃, and it appears as a fine white powder. It is a naturally alkaline substance that reacts with acids to produce carbon dioxide gas. This reaction is what causes dough or batter to rise when baking cakes, bread, or cookies.

In simple words, baking soda or bicarbonate of soda is a leavening agent used to make baked foods light and fluffy. The gas bubbles produced during baking help the mixture expand and rise. This reaction also gives baked items a soft and airy texture.

Also read: The Role of Aromatic Spices in Creating Memorable Dishes

Is Baking Soda the Same as Bicarbonate of Soda?

Yes, baking soda and bicarbonate of soda are the same substance. The only difference lies in the name used in different countries. In the United States and Canada, it is commonly known as baking soda. In the United Kingdom, Australia, and many other parts of the world, it is referred to as bicarbonate of soda.

So, if you come across a recipe that calls for bicarbonate of soda and you only have baking soda, you can safely use it. They are identical in composition and performance. There is no difference in how they work in cooking or cleaning.

Why the Name Difference Exists

The difference in names mainly comes from regional language preferences. The scientific name of the compound is sodium bicarbonate, but in daily use, people shortened it differently across regions.

• In America and Canada, people preferred the shorter, more practical name “baking soda” because of its common use in baking.
• In Britain, Ireland, and Australia, the term “bicarbonate of soda” became more popular, likely because of its similarity to the scientific name.

Despite the name variations, both refer to the exact same chemical substance used for cooking, cleaning, and even personal care.

Baking Soda vs. Baking Powder: A Common Confusion

Even though baking soda and bicarbonate of soda are the same, many people confuse baking soda with baking powder. But these two are not the same.

• Baking soda (bicarbonate of soda): A single ingredient—sodium bicarbonate. It needs an acidic ingredient (like lemon juice, vinegar, buttermilk, or yogurt) to activate and release gas for rising.
• Baking powder: A mixture of baking soda, an acid (usually cream of tartar), and a moisture-absorbing agent (like cornstarch). It is a complete leavening agent that works without adding extra acid.

In short, baking powder already contains an acid and a base, while baking soda (or bicarbonate of soda) is purely alkaline and requires an acid to work properly.

How Baking Soda Works in Baking

When baking soda comes in contact with an acidic ingredient and moisture, it releases carbon dioxide gas. This gas creates bubbles that make the dough rise and become light. For example, when you mix baking soda with lemon juice, vinegar, or yogurt, you can see tiny bubbles forming. That same reaction happens in your baking recipes.

If you add too much baking soda, your baked food may taste bitter or soapy. Also, using too little acid with baking soda can result in flat or dense baked goods. Therefore, it is always important to follow the recipe measurements carefully.

Common Culinary Uses of Baking Soda

Baking soda or bicarbonate of soda is used in many ways in cooking and baking. Here are some common uses:

1. In Cakes and Muffins: It helps the batter rise when combined with an acidic ingredient.
2. In Cookies: It gives cookies a crisp and golden texture.
3. In Pancakes: It makes pancakes soft and fluffy.
4. In Fried Foods: It can be added to batters to make them crispier.
5. In Tenderizing Meat: Mixing a small amount of baking soda with water can soften tough meat.
6. In Beans and Lentils: A pinch can help soften them faster while cooking.

These are just a few examples, but baking soda is truly a versatile ingredient in the kitchen.

Non-Cooking Uses of Baking Soda

Apart from baking, baking soda (or bicarbonate of soda) is widely used for cleaning and personal care. Here are a few ways it helps:

1. As a Natural Cleaner

It helps remove stains, odors, and grease from surfaces. Mixing baking soda with water forms a mild cleaning paste that is safe for kitchens, bathrooms, and even silverware.

2. To Deodorize Refrigerators and Shoes

Placing a small bowl of baking soda in the refrigerator or sprinkling it inside shoes helps absorb unpleasant odors.

3. As a Teeth Whitener

Some people use baking soda as a natural tooth polish to remove stains, although it should be used sparingly to avoid enamel damage.

4. For Skin Care

A small amount of baking soda mixed with water can be used as a mild exfoliant for skin, but it must be used with caution as it is slightly alkaline.

5. To Freshen Laundry

Adding a small spoonful of baking soda to laundry helps remove odors and softens fabrics.

These uses show how practical and multipurpose this single ingredient can be.

Health and Safety Considerations

Although baking soda is safe for most uses, it should be used in moderate amounts. Too much of it, especially when consumed, can lead to stomach upset due to its alkalinity. It should also not be used as a daily remedy without consulting a doctor.

For cleaning or skincare, it’s best to do a small test first. Some people have sensitive skin, and baking soda can cause irritation or dryness.

Always store it in a cool, dry place, away from moisture, as exposure to air can reduce its effectiveness over time.

Fun Facts About Baking Soda

• Baking soda was first discovered in the 18th century and became popular as a household product in the 19th century.
• The famous Arm & Hammer brand made baking soda a global kitchen essential.
• In the past, people used baking soda as a deodorant, toothpaste, and even a gentle fire extinguisher.
• Baking soda is environmentally friendly—it does not harm water or soil when used for cleaning.

These fun facts show how baking soda is not just a kitchen ingredient but a historical and useful household essential.

Quick Tips for Using Baking Soda Effectively

1. Use the right amount: Too much baking soda can spoil the taste of your food.
2. Combine with acid: Always pair it with an acidic ingredient to get the best rise in baking.
3. Store properly: Keep it sealed and dry to maintain freshness.
4. Check freshness: If your baking soda doesn’t fizz when mixed with vinegar, it might have expired.
5. Use it for cleaning: It’s a safe and cheap alternative to chemical cleaners.

Common Misconceptions About Baking Soda

There are a few misunderstandings about baking soda that should be cleared up:

• Myth 1: Baking soda and baking powder are the same.
  → False. Baking soda is pure sodium bicarbonate; baking powder contains additional ingredients.
• Myth 2: Baking soda lasts forever.
  → False. It loses its effectiveness after a few months if not stored properly.
• Myth 3: More baking soda makes cakes rise higher.
  → False. Too much can ruin the taste and texture of baked goods.

Knowing the truth helps you use baking soda wisely in cooking and cleaning.

Conclusion

To sum up, the answer to “is baking soda the same as bicarbonate of soda” is yes—they are exactly the same substance, just known by different names around the world. Both refer to sodium bicarbonate, a versatile white powder used for baking, cleaning, and personal care. The only difference lies in regional naming traditions, not in function or chemistry. Whether you call it baking soda or bicarbonate of soda, it serves the same purpose in your kitchen and home. By understanding how it works, how to use it safely, and how to store it properly, you can make the most of this simple yet powerful household ingredient.